Electro-microbial production techno-economic viability and environmental implications – Nature Biotechnology

Nature Biotechnology, Published online: 22 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41587-025-02632-w

Producing goods, such as foods and fuels, with minimal environmental impacts is urgently needed. Although advances in bioproduction are promising, there is often a noticeable gap in our understanding of whether and where new processes can compete with existing methods on an economic and environmental basis. Transparent lower bound calculations from basic principles highlight potential benefits of producing foods, but not fuels, from electro-microbial production of biomass.